In 2013, one came out\u00a0study<\/b><\/a>\u00a0which appeared to demonstrate a relationship between narcolepsy and the H1N1 virus vaccine. Recently, however, the article was\u00a0withdrawn<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/span>\u00a0because the authors themselves could not reproduce the experiment. A hole in the water that adds to a long list of\u00a0scientific discoveries and theories that have since been retracted<\/b><\/a>. Sometimes substantial evidence is lacking, other times it is individual scientists or the entire scientific community who, dazzled and enthralled by a theory, become attached to it, falling into the so-called\u00a0pathological science<\/i>. However, there are cases of bad science, where researchers or outright charlatans falsify or invent data to support revolutionary theories. Here are some of the more curious examples.<\/p>\n Blondlot's N-rays<\/b> The ether and the propagation of light The discovery of anomalous water<\/b> The mirage of cold nuclear fusion<\/b> Sch\u00f6n and molecular electric circuits<\/b> Lysenko and anti-Darwinian genetics<\/b> Sudb\u00f8's Cancer Studies<\/b> Nikola Tesla and the superweapon The proof of homeopathy<\/b> Japanese studies on RNA<\/b> <\/p>\n 09\/01\/2014 \u2013 by\u00a0Valentina Spotti \u2013 Newspapertyism<\/i><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n A special nail polish that warns the wearer of a possible rape attempt that could take place shortly thereafter. The news has spread rapidly on the web in recent days and has gone viral, garnering the approval of women and girls from all over the world. But what has already been defined as a very efficient danti-violence device<\/strong>Unfortunately, it would not work as it promises. At least not yet.<\/p>\n \u00abJUST A FINGER IN YOUR DRINK\u00bb \u2013<\/b>\u00a0These are the facts: in the last days of August the news of\u00a0four students<\/b>\u00a0from the\u00a0<\/b>North Carolina State University<\/b>, inventors\u00a0Undercover Colors<\/b>, a nail polish that would allow women to check the contents of their glass, to verify that it does not contain one of the so-called\u00a0\u201crape drugs\u201d.<\/b>\u00a0The invention takes its cue from countless news stories of recent years, which have seen young women raped after being stunned with powerful drugs or narcotic substances mixed without their knowledge in the drink that had been offered to them while they were at a party or during an appointment. Hence the idea of creating a \u201crevealing\u201d nail polish, capable of\u00a0change color<\/b>\u00a0if brought into contact with these substances, simply by inserting the tip of a finger into the glass: a few seconds and, if the enamel changes tone, it is better to be on the safe side and notify the authorities.<\/p>\n FALSE POSITIVES \u2013<\/b>\u00a0Unfortunately, many forgot to point out that this nail polish would still be in an experimental stage: in the test phase, in fact, Undercover Colors would have returned as a result several\u00a0false positives<\/b>\u00a0\u2013 that is, it would have signaled the presence of substances in the drink even when there was none \u2013 and, above all, it would only work with a limited number of \u201crape drugs\u201d, too few to be able to cover the whole range of substances, from\u00a0Rohypnol to Xanax<\/b>\u00a0passing through the\u00a0GHB,<\/b>\u00a0and which are usually used to stun potential victims. This detail,\u00a0points out Caitlin Dewey in the Washington Post<\/b><\/a>, makes anti-rape nail polish \u00aban interesting journalistic headline, but a much less useful tool than it might seem\u00bb.<\/p>\n \u00abGOOD INTENTION, BUT\u2026\u00bb \u2013<\/b>\u00a0It is said, however, that over time the invention can evolve and be refined, managing to really identify the presence of drugs in the glass. \u00abWe wanted to focus on something that could constitute an element of prevention \u2013\u00a0A. had said a few months ago<\/b><\/a>nkesh Madan<\/b><\/a>, one of the four students who made Undercover Colors \u2013 We have all been close to someone who has had a terrible experience of this type and we began to focus on a way to prevent this type of crime \u00bb. However, not everyone seems to agree with this point of view which, in a certain sense, could go against a rape victim: "It is a product born of good intentions - wrote the activist Tara Culp -Ressler\u00a0on ThinkProgress<\/b><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 But any student who does not use this polish and who suffers violence could be reproached for not using it\u00bb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" La storia \u00e8 piena di esempi di articoli scientifici prima pubblicati e poi ritirati. Ecco gli esempi pi\u00f9 curiosi di Federico Baglioni – settembre 1, 2014 – WIRED Nel 2013 usc\u00ec uno\u00a0studio\u00a0che sembrava dimostrare una relazione tra narcolessia e vaccino contro il virus H1N1. Recentemente, invece, l\u2019articolo \u00e8 stato\u00a0ritirato\u00a0perch\u00e9 gli stessi autori non riuscivano a …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2915,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2911","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notizie"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2911"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2911\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2911"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2911"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2911"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nIn 1903, the French physicist\u00a0<\/i>Blondlot claimed to have discovered a new type of radiation<\/b><\/a>:<\/i>\u00a0the N rays. The existence of these rays was supported by numerous other colleagues, but a year later, the scientific community realized that it had been a blunder. Blondlot, on the other hand, died blindly believing in his theories.<\/p>\n
\n<\/i><\/b>If light is a wave, in what medium does it travel? To answer this question, many 19th century physicists hypothesized the existence ofluminiferous ether<\/i>, an invisible medium present throughout the universe. For decades the theory was accepted with absolute certainty, until it was denied in 1887 by the physicists Michelson and Morley.<\/p>\n
\nIn 1962, the physicist Fedjakin said that he managed to get a water\u00a0abnormal,<\/i>\u00a0with unique properties.\u00a0Science<\/i><\/strong>\u00a0I call her "Poliwater\u201d<\/i><\/b><\/a>,<\/i>\u00a0thinking it could be a polymeric form of water. In 1970 the cold shower (it is appropriate to say): the\u00a0poliacqua was nothing but contaminated water<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n
\nAt a conference in 1989 two researchers,\u00a0Fleischmann and Pons<\/b><\/a>, announced that they had succeeded in obtaining nuclear fusion in a simple glass container\u00a0cold<\/i>. The\u00a0study<\/b><\/a>\u00a0it was received with great excitement, but the story did not last long: a few months later the results were judged to be groundless. And cold fusion is\u00a0still a mirage today<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n
\nThe young physicist Sch\u00f6n between 2000 and 2001 was the author of some articles suggesting an electronic revolution<\/b><\/a>: electric circuits formed not by wires, but by molecular chains. Some suspicious graphics prompted Stanford University to open a commission. Although the physicist tried to defend himself, the outcome was merciless: out of 77 publications, 24 had probably been manipulated and 16 were definitely fraudulent.<\/p>\n
\nThe agronomist Lysenko was a critic of Darwin's and Mendel's genetics and believed that acquired traits could be passed on by inheritance. Its genetics, close to\u00a0lamarckism<\/i>and call\u00a0miciurinism<\/i>, was openly supported by the Stalinist regime in 1935.\u00a0Becoming the official biology of the Soviet Union, it caused a catastrophe<\/b><\/a>\u00a0for agricultural production. Only in 1965 the Academy of Sciences considered the\u00a0miciurinism<\/i>\u00a0an unfounded theory.<\/p>\n
\nIn October 2005 the doctor John Sudb\u00f8 published an article on lancet\u00a0<\/i>which demonstrated how NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) caused an increase in cardiovascular disease, forcing us to rethink the prolonged use of such drugs. A special commission of inquiry verified just over six months later that all the data (and many of its publications) were completely invented.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Nikola Tesla in 1937 wrote a treatise where he claimed to have understood how to produce beams of high-energy charged particles. An innovative and deadly weapon called\u00a0death ray<\/i>\u00a0which, it is said, it was Tesla himself who presented to various governments. There is no evidence of the realization (or even the feasibility) of this invention, which appears to be one\u00a0real hoax<\/b><\/a>.<\/p>\n
\nIn 1988 the doctor Benveniste published on\u00a0natures<\/i><\/b><\/a>\u00a0a study according to which water, thanks to particular structural modifications, had a memory. The clamor was too much and it was the magazine itself that appointed an investigative commission. Despite numerous failed attempts to reproduce the experiment, the memory of water is still remembered as a scientific demonstration <\/b><\/a>of homeopathy.<\/p>\n
\nBetween 1998 and 2004, chemistry professor Taira published about ten articles on theRNA interference,<\/b><\/a>\u00a0<\/i>which they aroused\u00a0<\/i>numerous criticisms for the impossibility of reproducing the experiments and it was discovered that neither the samples nor much of the raw data requested by the commission of inquiry were available. According to the University of Tokyo those experiments were never performed.<\/p>\nThe half-hoax of nail polish that changes color to protect you from rape<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/d.repubblica.it\/images\/2014\/08\/27\/155019806-555d54f7-213c-40a2-9101-6c5903b65bab.jpg\")
Four American students invented it and the news has gone viral these days, but\u2026<\/i><\/p>\n