{"id":72499,"date":"2023-06-30T19:22:17","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T17:22:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/?p=72499"},"modified":"2023-07-01T11:49:16","modified_gmt":"2023-07-01T09:49:16","slug":"farmaci-scadenti-non-approvati-per-bambini-con-leucemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/farmaci-scadenti-non-approvati-per-bambini-con-leucemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Substandard drugs unapproved for children with leukemia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p><em><strong>Farmaci oncologici scadenti<\/strong>, sia in termini di efficacia che di sicurezza, sarebbero stati utilizzati in almeno 16 ospedali italiani. Numerosi pazienti (bambini inclusi) avrebbero assunto, cos\u00ec, medicinali importati dall&#8217;<strong>India<\/strong>,\u00a0a basso costo e non approvati in Europa. Una procedura messa in pratica da sette aziende sanitarie territoriali, mentre il numero degli ospedali potrebbe essere pi\u00f9 alto. Lo rivela un&#8217;inchiesta di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-06-29\/italian-hospitals-imported-unapproved-and-substandard-cancer-drugs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Bureau of Investigative Journalism<\/strong>, &#8220;Politico&#8221;<\/a> di cui riportiamo sotto il testo<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-72508 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/celginase.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"163\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/celginase.png 283w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/celginase-144x300.png 144w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/celginase-6x12.png 6w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 163px) 100vw, 163px\" \/>Almeno 16 ospedali in Italia hanno curato i malati di cancro con un farmaco importato di scarsa qualit\u00e0 che non \u00e8 approvato per l&#8217;uso nell&#8217;UE, lo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-06-29\/italian-hospitals-imported-unapproved-and-substandard-cancer-drugs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rivela il Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) e POLITICO<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Le lacune nella regolamentazione nazionale ed europea hanno consentito agli ospedali italiani di richiedere legalmente spedizioni di Celginase, un farmaco antitumorale a basso costo che si \u00e8 dimostrato scadente, anche quando erano disponibili alternative migliori.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e9 l&#8217;autorit\u00e0 italiana di regolamentazione dei farmaci n\u00e9 il ministero della salute del paese sono responsabili del controllo della qualit\u00e0, dell&#8217;efficacia o della sicurezza di questo farmaco prima di consentirlo negli ospedali italiani. N\u00e9 questo rientra nel mandato dell&#8217;Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA).<\/p>\n<p>Centinaia di fiale del farmaco sono arrivate dall&#8217;India negli ultimi sette anni. Non \u00e8 noto quanti malati di cancro possano aver avuto effetti collaterali negativi o minori possibilit\u00e0 di remissione. Molte fiale si trovano ancora oggi sugli scaffali degli ospedali.<\/p>\n<p>Celginase \u00e8 un marchio di asparaginasi, un farmaco usato per trattare la leucemia linfoblastica acuta, la forma pi\u00f9 comune di cancro infantile. Celginase \u00e8 prodotto e approvato in India e costa una piccola frazione del prezzo del marchio &#8220;gold standard&#8221;: appena 13 euro a fiala rispetto a circa 2.500 euro. Studi accademici pubblicati hanno rilevato che non soddisfa gli standard minimi di produzione o raggiunge costantemente la soglia di attivit\u00e0 clinica per il trattamento del cancro.<\/p>\n<p>A gennaio, TBIJ e STAT hanno rivelato che marchi di <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-01-25\/the-drug-was-meant-to-save-childrens-lives-instead-theyre-dying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asparaginasi di scarsa qualit\u00e0, tra cui Celginase, sono stati spediti in pi\u00f9 di 90 paesi dal 2016<\/a>, mettendo a rischio circa 70.000 bambini in tutto il mondo.<\/p>\n<p>Nel 2018, un&#8217;apparente carenza a livello nazionale di Oncaspar, l&#8217;asparaginasi &#8220;gold standard&#8221;, ha portato i bambini in Italia a ricevere un altro marchio, Aspatero, che in seguito \u00e8 stato ritenuto scadente. (L&#8217;ospedale interessato ha affermato che la sua richiesta di importazione di Aspatero \u00e8 stata autorizzata dall&#8217;autorit\u00e0 italiana di regolamentazione dei farmaci e che non farlo avrebbe &#8220;ridotto le possibilit\u00e0 di guarigione dei bambini&#8221;. L&#8217;autorit\u00e0 di regolamentazione dei farmaci ha confermato di aver autorizzato l&#8217;importazione.)<\/p>\n<p>Ma TBIJ e POLITICO possono ora rivelare che Celginase \u00e8 stato acquistato dagli ospedali italiani anche quando il prodotto gold standard era disponibile, in alcuni casi solo quest&#8217;anno. Ulteriori registrazioni mostrano che Celginase \u00e8 stato importato anche da sette dipartimenti sanitari regionali italiani, suggerendo che il numero effettivo di ospedali che utilizzano il farmaco potrebbe essere molto pi\u00f9 elevato.<\/p>\n<p>La documentazione del consenso informato non specifica la marca del farmaco che verr\u00e0 somministrato ai pazienti n\u00e9 i paesi in cui \u00e8 approvato. I pazienti vengono lasciati all&#8217;oscuro.<\/p>\n<p>Mancanza di responsabilit\u00e0<\/p>\n<p>Esistono diversi tipi di asparaginasi. L&#8217;asparaginasi &#8220;nativa&#8221; \u00e8 prodotta da Escherichia coli (E. coli). Trasformare questo batterio in medicina \u00e8 complicato e anche l&#8217;asparaginasi nativa di buona qualit\u00e0 pu\u00f2 causare effetti collaterali, comprese gravi reazioni allergiche.<\/p>\n<p>Per questo motivo, i medici preferiscono utilizzare versioni modificate dell&#8217;asparaginasi. Questi hanno meno probabilit\u00e0 di causare reazioni allergiche ma sono molto pi\u00f9 costosi.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72509 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/oncaspar-q7i3c5jk6j9w2lancbaiwri21iln60ycq8ubjdahhc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/oncaspar-q7i3c5jk6j9w2lancbaiwri21iln60ycq8ubjdahhc.png 250w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/oncaspar-q7i3c5jk6j9w2lancbaiwri21iln60ycq8ubjdahhc-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/oncaspar-q7i3c5jk6j9w2lancbaiwri21iln60ycq8ubjdahhc-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/>Sebbene Celginase e Oncaspar siano entrambi asparaginasi, sono diversi: Celginase \u00e8 nativo, Oncaspar \u00e8 modificato. Oncaspar \u00e8 stato approvato per l&#8217;uso in Europa dal 2016 ed \u00e8 il marchio di asparaginasi raccomandato come trattamento di prima scelta per la leucemia linfoblastica acuta.<\/p>\n<p>In Italia, se un farmaco \u00e8 in carenza, medici e farmacisti possono chiedere all&#8217;autorit\u00e0 italiana di regolamentazione dei farmaci di autorizzare l&#8217;importazione dello stesso farmaco da un altro paese.<\/p>\n<p>Una legge diversa consente l&#8217;importazione di un farmaco che non \u00e8 approvato nell&#8217;UE ma si trova in altre parti del mondo, come Celginase, per un singolo paziente nominato se un medico ritiene che non sia &#8220;disponibile alcuna valida terapia alternativa&#8221;. Poich\u00e9 Celginase e Oncaspar non sono esattamente equivalenti, i medici hanno potuto richiedere l&#8217;importazione di Celginase anche se Oncaspar \u00e8 disponibile.<\/p>\n<p>Fondamentalmente, questo processo aggira l&#8217;autorit\u00e0 di regolamentazione del farmaco del paese. In Italia l&#8217;autorizzazione viene invece concessa dall&#8217;agenzia delle dogane del ministero della salute, che \u00e8 tenuta solo a verificare che le pratiche siano state correttamente compilate dall&#8217;ospedale e che il farmaco in arrivo sia quello richiesto.<\/p>\n<p>Non \u00e8 richiesto dalla legge controllare la qualit\u00e0 dei farmaci importati n\u00e9 chiedere dati alle autorit\u00e0 di regolamentazione estere che li hanno approvati.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-72504 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Schermata-2023-06-30-alle-18.51.19.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"534\" height=\"812\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Schermata-2023-06-30-alle-18.51.19.png 534w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Schermata-2023-06-30-alle-18.51.19-197x300.png 197w, https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Schermata-2023-06-30-alle-18.51.19-8x12.png 8w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 534px) 100vw, 534px\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-01-25\/the-drug-was-meant-to-save-childrens-lives-instead-theyre-dying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leggi l&#8217;inchiesta originale<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Il farmaco aveva lo scopo di salvare la vita dei bambini. Invece stanno morendo<\/p>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p>La responsabilit\u00e0 di questi farmaci \u00e8 invece del singolo medico che li richiede. L&#8217;Agenzia italiana di regolazione del farmaco ha affermato che i medici dovrebbero avvalersi di intermediari di importazione qualificati e affidabili che possano garantire la qualit\u00e0 e la sicurezza del farmaco, in particolare con i fornitori nei paesi extra UE, e che i medici dovrebbero ottenere il consenso informato fornendo al paziente informazioni complete, trasparenti e informazioni esaustive sul farmaco.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Attraverso richieste di libert\u00e0 di informazione all&#8217;agenzia delle dogane italiane del ministero della salute, TBIJ e POLITICO hanno rilevato che almeno 16 ospedali, tra cui l&#8217;Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano e il San Camillo Forlanini di Roma, hanno importato nel Paese centinaia di fiale di Celginase in oltre un periodo di sette anni. (L&#8217;Istituto Nazionale Tumori ha affermato che la carenza richiedeva loro di procurarsi Celginase. Ha aggiunto che i pazienti che hanno ricevuto il farmaco stanno rispondendo ad esso o sono in remissione e che l&#8217;autorit\u00e0 italiana di regolamentazione dei farmaci non ha mai fornito informazioni che dimostrino che Celginase potrebbe essere dannoso. San Camillo Forlanini non ha risposto a una richiesta di commento.)<\/p>\n<p>Attilio Guarini, ematologo e direttore del dipartimento Area Medica, dell&#8217;Iress Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo Il di Bari, che cura i pazienti con leucemia linfoblastica acuta, afferma che non esiste una guida clinica che raccomandi ai medici di rivolgersi a un&#8217;asparaginasi nativa &#8211; come Celginase &#8211; se Oncaspar \u00e8 disponibile.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;autorit\u00e0 italiana di regolamentazione dei farmaci ha dichiarato a TBIJ di negare ogni responsabilit\u00e0 per &#8220;l&#8217;efficacia e la sicurezza&#8221; dei medicinali importati da paesi extra UE che non sono autorizzati in conformit\u00e0 con i regolamenti dell&#8217;UE.<\/p>\n<p>Anche l&#8217;Agenzia europea per i medicinali (EMA) non ha alcun potere sulle importazioni di farmaci non approvati da paesi terzi, secondo il suo ex capo Guido Rasi.<\/p>\n<p>La maggior parte del Celginase importato in Italia dall&#8217;India proveniva dalla Svizzera. L&#8217;agenzia doganale svizzera ha dichiarato di non disporre di dati specifici sui prodotti che abbiamo chiesto. Non sapeva se l&#8217;asparaginasi indiana importata attraverso la Svizzera potesse essere andata in altri paesi dell&#8217;UE oltre all&#8217;Italia, ma resta inteso che la celginase non \u00e8 stata utilizzata negli ospedali svizzeri.<\/p>\n<p>Traduzione automatica \u00a0dal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-06-29\/italian-hospitals-imported-unapproved-and-substandard-cancer-drugs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) e <em>Politico<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p>Nota:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Per Aifa &#8220;non risulta alcun riscontro da parte del Oms n\u00e9 di autorit\u00e0 regolatorie nazionali di una bassa qualit\u00e0, pericolosit\u00e0 o inefficacia dei medicinali a base di pegaspargase o asparaginasi importati dall\u2019India<\/strong>. La stessa Fondazione Monza e Brianza per il Bambino e la sua Mamma (MBBM), afferma che &#8216;tutti i pazienti trattati con Aspatero e con Oncaspar hanno concluso la fase di trattamento in questione senza ulteriori effetti avversi di rilievo e hanno proseguito regolarmente il trattamento previsto nelle fasi successive&#8217;\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Anche la direzione generale Welfare di Regione Lombardia<\/strong> in una nota siglata da ASST Cremona, ASST Spedali Civili, ASST Ovest Milanese, IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, ASST Sette Laghi e IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, ha ribadito come Asparaginasi, di produzione indiana, sia stato importato &#8220;solo nel periodo in cui vi era carenza di quello di origine tedesca (Medac), fino a quel momento farmaco di riferimento. Tutto ci\u00f2 per garantire un farmaco indispensabile ed insostituibile in molti protocolli di chemioterapia oncoematologica, in particolare per Leucemia Linfatica Acuta. Mai \u00e8 stato preferito per questioni economiche. Inoltre facciamo nuovamente presente che non risulta alcun riscontro da parte del Oms, n\u00e9 di autorit\u00e0 regolatorie nazionali di una bassa qualit\u00e0, pericolosit\u00e0 o inefficacia dei medicinali a base di pegaspargase o asparaginasi importati dall\u2019India. Lo studio che ha dimostrato una minore efficacia del Celginase rispetto all\u2019Oncaspar, proviene proprio dalla Lombardia e risale solo a maggio del 2022&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Tutte le procedure di importazione &#8211; conclude la nota &#8211; hanno seguito rigorosamente quanto previsto dalla normativa del Ministero della Salute. Come per tutti i pazienti oncoematologici sono state seguite rigorose procedure di follow-up e di verifica dell\u2019efficacia delle terapie e di eventuali effetti avversi. La maggior parte dei pazienti trattati sono guariti o in remissione di malattia&#8221;. (Fonte: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quotidianosanita.it\/cronache\/articolo.php?articolo_id=115121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quotidianosanit\u00e0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<hr \/>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Articolo originale<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">Italian hospitals imported unapproved, substandard cancer drug<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">At least 16 hospitals in Italy have been treating cancer patients with a poor-quality imported drug that is not approved for use in the EU, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism (TBIJ) and POLITICO can reveal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gaps in national and EU regulation have allowed Italian hospitals to legally request shipments of Celginase, a low-cost cancer medicine shown to be substandard, even when better alternatives have been available.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Neither Italy\u2019s drugs regulator nor the country\u2019s ministry of health are responsible for checking the quality, efficacy or safety of this drug before allowing it into Italian hospitals. Nor does this fall within the remit of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hundreds of vials of the drug have arrived from India over the last seven years. It is unknown how many cancer patients could have experienced adverse side effects or lower chances of remission as a result. Many vials still sit on hospital shelves today.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Celginase is a brand of asparaginase, a drug used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most common form of childhood cancer. Celginase is made and approved in India, and costs a tiny fraction of the price of the \u201cgold-standard\u201d brand: as little as \u20ac13 a vial compared with about \u20ac2,500. Published academic studies have found it did not meet minimum manufacturing standards or consistently reach the clinical activity threshold to treat cancer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In January, TBIJ and STAT revealed that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thebureauinvestigates.com\/stories\/2023-01-25\/the-drug-was-meant-to-save-childrens-lives-instead-theyre-dying\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">poor-quality brands of asparaginase, including Celginase, have been shipped to more than 90 countries<\/a> since 2016, putting an estimated 70,000 children around the world at risk.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In 2018, an apparent nationwide shortage of Oncaspar, the \u201cgold-standard\u201d asparaginase, led to children in Italy receiving another brand, Aspatero, which was later found to be substandard. (The hospital concerned said its request to import Aspatero was authorised by the Italian drugs regulator, and that not doing this would have \u201creduced the chances of children\u2019s recovery.\u201d The drugs regulator confirmed it had authorised the import.)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">But TBIJ and POLITICO can now reveal that Celginase has been purchased by Italian hospitals even when the gold-standard product has been available \u2013 in some cases as recently as this year. Further records show that Celginase was also imported by seven Italian regional health departments, suggesting that the actual number of hospitals using the drug could be far higher.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Informed consent paperwork does not detail the brand of the drug that patients will be given nor the countries in which it is approved. Patients are being left in the dark.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-iframe\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-iframe__iframe-wrapper tb-js-story-iframe-wrapper\"><div class=\"BorlabsCookie _brlbs-cb-default\"><div class=\"_brlbs-content-blocker\"> <div class=\"_brlbs-default\"> <p>Clicca sul pulsante per caricare il contenuto da flo.uri.sh.<\/p> <p><a class=\"_brlbs-btn\" href=\"#\" data-borlabs-cookie-unblock role=\"button\">Carica il contenuto<\/a><\/p> <\/div> <\/div><div class=\"borlabs-hide\" data-borlabs-cookie-type=\"content-blocker\" data-borlabs-cookie-id=\"default\"><script type=\"text\/template\">PGlmcmFtZSBpZD0iZnJhbWUtNjI4MDgxIiBzcmM9Imh0dHBzOi8vZmxvLnVyaS5zaC92aXN1YWxpc2F0aW9uLzEzOTA5NzU0L2VtYmVkIiBuYW1lPSJmcmFtZS02MjgwODEiIGZyYW1lYm9yZGVyPSIwIiBhbGxvd2Z1bGxzY3JlZW49ImFsbG93ZnVsbHNjcmVlbiIgZGF0YS1tY2UtZnJhZ21lbnQ9IjEiPjwvaWZyYW1lPg==<\/script><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<h2><strong>Lack of liability<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">There are several different types of asparaginase. \u201cNative\u201d asparaginase is made from <em>Escherichia coli<\/em> (<em>E. coli<\/em>). Turning this bacterium into medicine is complicated and even good-quality native asparaginase can cause side effects, including severe allergic reactions.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For this reason, doctors prefer to use modified versions of asparaginase. These are less likely to cause allergic reactions but are much more expensive up front.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Although Celginase and Oncaspar are both asparaginases, they are different: Celginase is native, Oncaspar is modified. Oncaspar has been approved for use in Europe since 2016 and is the brand of asparaginase recommended as first-choice treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In Italy, if a drug is in shortage, doctors and pharmacists can ask the Italian drugs regulator to greenlight the import of that same drug from another country.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">A different law permits a drug that is not approved in the EU but is elsewhere in the world \u2013 such as Celginase \u2013 to be imported for an individual named patient if a doctor deems there is \u201cno valid alternative therapy available\u201d. As Celginase and Oncaspar are not exact equivalents, doctors have been able to request Celginase imports even if Oncaspar is available.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Crucially, this process bypasses the country\u2019s drugs regulator. In Italy, permission is instead given by the ministry of health\u2019s customs agency, which is required only to check that the paperwork has been correctly filled out by the hospital and the drug arriving is the one requested.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It is not required by law to check the quality of imported drugs nor ask for data from the overseas regulators that approved them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__sidebar\">\n<aside class=\"tb-c-story-breakout tb-c-story-breakout--light\">\n<h4 class=\"tb-c-story-breakout__header\">Read the original investigation<\/h4>\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-breakout__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/d1hhatrh6bk2uf.cloudfront.net\/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJhc3NldHMyLnRoZWJ1cmVhdWludmVzdGlnYXRlcy5jb20iLCJrZXkiOiJ1cGxvYWRzL0VHX0JJSl9DYW5jZXJfRHJ1Z19MZWFkLUVESVQucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicG5nIjp7InF1YWxpdHkiOjEwMCwicHJvZ3Jlc3NpdmUiOmZhbHNlfSwicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo2MzAsImZpdCI6Imluc2lkZSIsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoibGVmdCJ9LCJzaGFycGVuIjp0cnVlfX0=\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<p class=\"tb-c-story-breakout__link\">The drug was meant to save children\u2019s lives. Instead, they\u2019re dying<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p>Instead, the responsibility for these drugs lies with the individual doctor who requests them. The Italian drugs regulatory agency said that doctors should use qualified and reliable import intermediaries who can guarantee the quality and safety of the drug, particularly with suppliers in non-EU countries, and that doctors should get informed consent by giving the patient complete, transparent and exhaustive information on the drug.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Through freedom of information requests to the Italian customs agency of the ministry of health, TBIJ and POLITICO found that at least 16 hospitals, including the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan and San Camillo Forlanini in Rome, imported hundreds of vials of Celginase into the country over a seven-year period. (The Istituto Nazionale Tumori said that shortages required them to source Celginase. It added that the patients who received the drug are either responding to it or are in remission, and that the Italian drugs regulator has never provided information showing that Celginase could be harmful. San Camillo Forlanini did not respond to a request for comment.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Attilio Guarini, a doctor who treats patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at Policlinico di Bari hospital, says there is no clinical guidance recommending doctors turn to a native asparaginase \u2013 such as Celginase \u2013 if Oncaspar is available.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Italian drugs regulator told TBIJ that it denies any responsibility for the \u201cefficacy and safety\u201d of medicines imported from non-EU countries that are not authorised in accordance with EU regulations.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The European Medicines Agency (EMA) also has no power over imports of unapproved drugs from non-EU countries, according to its former head Guido Rasi.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Most of the Celginase imported into Italy from India came via Switzerland. The Swiss customs agency said it does not have specific data on the products we asked about. It did not know if Indian asparaginase imported via Switzerland may have gone to any other EU countries besides Italy, but it is understood that Celginase was not used in Swiss hospitals.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The EU issue<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In certain situations, such as drug shortages, it is vital for European countries to be able to import medicines that may not be approved in the EU.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In 2001, the EU published new bloc-wide legislation allowing medicines that \u201cfulfil special needs\u201d to be excluded from the standard European rules around quality, safety, efficacy and manufacturing. But only under strict conditions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__sidebar\">\n<aside class=\"tb-c-story-pullquote\">\u201cThere are loopholes in the system and we are working to fix them\u201d \u2013 Ulrico Angeloni, Italian customs agency<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Any such medicines (which may include those not approved in the EU) need to be formulated according to the specifications of an authorised healthcare professional \u2013 such as a doctor or a pharmacist \u2013 and given to an individual patient under this worker\u2019s \u201cdirect personal responsibility\u201d.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Each country has incorporated this into its own national law in different ways.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In Italy, the prescribing doctor must justify the exceptional use, which is then checked by the customs agency of the ministry of health. In Spain, the hospital or health department must request access to the unlicensed drug from the regulator. In Ireland, the doctor issues the prescription and the wholesaler or manufacturer is required to notify the regulator of the import.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">And while the EU law was meant to be applied to individual patients, in practice this is not always the case. In Germany and Italy, for instance, there are provisions for orders large enough to temporarily stock a hospital pharmacy. In Ireland, the law has been used so extensively that in 2020 more than 1.5 million packs of the 50 most popular drugs were brought into the country under the rules.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\u201cIf products for commercial sale are routinely entering the EU as unlicensed medicines and they&#8217;ve been supplied under the named-patient [\u2026] regime then that\u2019s an issue,\u201d says Grant Castle, partner at Covington law firm.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">He said these rules allow patients to access medicines where there is a bona fide medical need and are \u201cnot a suitable basis\u201d to import medicines for other reasons. \u201cIf that is happening, it\u2019s a loophole.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">While it is down to member states to put rules in place for named-patient supplies of unlicensed medicines, Castle added, national rules \u201cgenerally do not provide the same safeguards\u201d.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Gilles Vassal, a paediatric oncologist and board member of the European Society for Paediatric Oncology, agreed. When addressing shortages by importing medicines unauthorised in the EU, he asks: \u201cWhat are the measures set up at [the national] level to control the quality of the medicine they are importing?\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Italian drugs regulator said that in February 2023, it exchanged information with WHO on data around a potential lack of efficacy of the Indian-sourced drug Aspatero provided by the study highlighted in TBIJ\u2019s first story. It added that there appears to be no evidence from the WHO or national regulatory authorities of low-quality, dangerous or ineffective asparaginases imported from India.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">However, a European Commission spokesperson said that the Italian drugs regulator and other Italian authorities have been investigating this issue, which involves some specific Italian hospitals. A WHO spokesperson said it had contacted the countries reported in TBIJ\u2019s original investigation into asparaginase, but that no \u201cactionable information\u201d had been received.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Changes to the EU law are also in the works to attempt to address some of these concerns. A planned revision of the bloc\u2019s pharmaceutical legislation would include a line stipulating that countries \u201cshall encourage\u201d doctors and patients to report data on the safety of the use of unlicensed medicines to their own regulator.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">It would also oblige drugmakers to flag any potential shortages six months in advance \u2013 up from two months \u2013 and it could require companies or wholesalers to keep larger stockpiles.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In Italy, the customs agency has responded to TBIJ\u2019s enquiries by working to modify its forms so doctors must give more detail about clinical reasons for the import. \u201cWe realised that there are loopholes in the system, so we are now working to fix them,\u201d said Ulrico Angeloni, one of the agency\u2019s coordinators.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Doctors that TBIJ and POLITICO spoke to would like to see national measures to verify the quality of unlicensed drugs accessed via these loopholes, as well as more transparency on their use, effectiveness and safety.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">For now, the paradox remains that while Europe\u2019s medicines are among the most highly regulated in the world, drugs that are shipped in from abroad can fail to meet even minimum standards.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The manufacturer of Celginase did not respond to a request for comment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-box-out\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section\">\n<div class=\"tb-o-story-section__body\">\n<div class=\"tb-c-story-text-block\">\n<p><em>Reporters: Laura Margottini and Rosa Furneaux<br \/>\nAdditional reporting: Maria Cristina Fraddosio<br \/>\nIllustration: Evangeline Gallagher<br \/>\nDeputy editor: Chrissie Giles<br \/>\nEditor: Meirion Jones<br \/>\nProduction editor: Alex Hess<br \/>\nFact checkers: Alice Milliken and Meriem Mahdhi<br \/>\nImpact producer: Paul Eccles<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article is part of our Global Health project, which has a number of funders including the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation. None of our funders have any influence over the Bureau\u2019s editorial decisions or output.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Notizie correlate: <a href=\"https:\/\/farmaciavirtuale.it\/qualita-dei-farmaci-il-report-della-food-drug-administration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Qualit\u00e0 dei farmaci, il report della Food &amp; Drug Administration<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/farmaciavirtuale.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/3994-Report-on-the-State-of-Pharmaceutical-Quality-\u2013-Fonte-FDA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiscal\u00a0Year 2022 Report on the State of Pharmaceutical Quality<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Farmaci oncologici scadenti, sia in termini di efficacia che di sicurezza, sarebbero stati utilizzati in almeno 16 ospedali italiani. Numerosi pazienti (bambini inclusi) avrebbero assunto, cos\u00ec, medicinali importati dall&#8217;India,\u00a0a basso costo e non approvati in Europa. Una procedura messa in pratica da sette aziende sanitarie territoriali, mentre il numero degli ospedali potrebbe essere pi\u00f9 alto. &hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":72511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[91],"class_list":["post-72499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-notizie","tag-india"],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=72499"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72516,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/72499\/revisions\/72516"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=72499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fedaiisf.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=72499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}